Ableton Live - 9.0 Manual de usuario Pagina 573
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573 Audio Fact Sheet
Chapter 33
Audio Fact Sheet
Prior to the release of Live 7, much of Ableton‘s development effort was focused on carefully and
objectively testing Live‘s fundamental audio performance. As a result of this testing, we have
implemented a number of low-level improvements to the audio engine. We have also written this
fact sheet to help users understand exactly how their audio is (or is not) being modified when us-
ing certain features in Live that are often misunderstood, as well as tips for achieving the highest
quality results.
As mentioned above, the focus of our research has been on objective (that is, quantifiable and
measurable) behavior. We make no claims about what you can hear because we can‘t possibly
predict the variables that make up your listening environment, audio hardware, hearing sensitiv-
ity, etc. Furthermore, this paper makes no claims about how Live compares to other audio soft-
ware. Rather, it is a summary of measurable facts about what Live actually does under various
conditions.
33.1 Testing and Methodology
As of this writing, every version of Live is subjected to a suite of 473 automated tests that cover
every aspect of Live‘s functionality. We add additional tests as we add features, and we will
never release an update unless it passes every test.
33.2 Neutral Operations
Procedures in Live that will cause absolutely no change in audio quality are referred to as neu-
tral operations. You can be sure that using these functions will never cause any signal degrada-
tion. Applying neutral operations to audio that was recorded into Live ensures that the audio will
be unchanged from the point of analog-to-digital conversion. Applying neutral operations to
- Welcome to Live 3
- 1.2.3 Envelope Curves 4
- 1.2.6 Redesigned Browser 5
- 1.2.10 Device Improvements 6
- 1.2.11 Ableton Push 6
- First Steps 7
- 2.2 Setting up Preferences 8
- 2.3 The Main Live Screen 9
- Authorizing Live 11
- Authorized? 12
- Copy Protection? 13
- 14 Authorizing Live 14
- Live Concepts 15
- 4.2 Live Sets 16
- 4.3 Arrangement and Session 16
- 4.4 Tracks 17
- 4.5 Audio and MIDI 20
- 4.6 Audio Clips and Samples 20
- 4.8 Devices and the Mixer 23
- 4.9 Presets and Racks 26
- 4.10 Routing 26
- 4.11 Recording New Clips 27
- 4.12 Automation Envelopes 28
- 4.13 Clip Envelopes 29
- 4.14 MIDI and Key Remote 30
- 4.15 Saving and Exporting 31
- Managing Files and Sets 33
- 5.1.2 User Folders 36
- 5.1.3 Searching for Files 37
- Adding Clips from the Browser 39
- Hot-Swap Mode 40
- 5.2 Sample Files 41
- 5.2.2 Analysis Files (.asd) 42
- Audio Rendering Options 45
- Real-Time Rendering 46
- Rendering Video 48
- 5.3 MIDI Files 49
- 5.4 Live Clips 50
- 5.5 Live Sets 51
- 5.5.4 Template Sets 53
- 5.6 Live Projects 55
- 5.6.1 Projects and Live Sets 56
- 5.7 Locating Missing Files 59
- 5.7.1 Manual Repair 60
- 5.7.2 Automatic Repair 60
- 5.10 Finding Unused Files 64
- 5.12 File Management FAQs 65
- Own Folder Structure? 67
- 68 Managing Files and Sets 68
- Arrangement View 69
- 6.2 Transport 71
- 6.4 Time Signature Changes 74
- 6.5 The Arrangement Loop 76
- 6.8 Selecting Clips and Time 80
- 6.9 Using the Editing Grid 82
- 6.11 Splitting Clips 84
- 6.12 Consolidating Clips 84
- 86 Arrangement View 86
- Session View 87
- 7.2 Tracks and Scenes 89
- 7.3 The Track Status Fields 91
- 7.4.1 Select on Launch 93
- 7.4.3 Editing Scenes 93
- Clip View 97
- 8.1 The Clip Box 100
- 8.1.2 Clip Name and Color 101
- 8.1.3 Clip Signature 101
- 8.1.4 Clip Groove Chooser 101
- 8.2 The Sample Box 103
- Zooming and Scrolling 104
- Playing and Scrubbing Clips 105
- Looping Clips 107
- 8.2.3 Clip Pitch and Gain 110
- 8.2.8 Clip RAM Mode 113
- 8.2.9 Reversing Samples 113
- 8.2.10 Cropping Audio Clips 114
- 8.3 The Notes Box 115
- 8.3.3 MIDI Loop/Region 116
- Audio Clips, Tempo, and 117
- 9.1.2 Tapping the Tempo 118
- 9.1.3 Nudging the Tempo 118
- 9.2 Time-Warping Samples 119
- 9.2.1 Tempo Master/Slave 120
- 9.2.2 Warp Markers 120
- Saving Warp Markers 122
- 9.2.3 Using Warp Markers 123
- Syncing Odd-Length Loops 124
- Manipulating Grooves 124
- Syncing Longer Pieces 125
- 9.2.4 Quantizing Audio 128
- 9.3.1 Beats Mode 129
- 9.3.2 Tones Mode 130
- 9.3.3 Texture Mode 131
- 9.3.4 Re-Pitch Mode 131
- 9.3.5 Complex Mode 131
- 9.3.6 Complex Pro Mode 132
- 9.3.7 REX Mode 132
- Editing MIDI Notes and 133
- Velocities 133
- 10.2 The MIDI Editor 134
- 10.4 Editing MIDI 138
- 10.4.3 Grid Snapping 139
- 10.4.4 Editing Notes 140
- 10.4.5 Changing Note Length 141
- 10.4.7 Quantizing Notes 142
- 10.4.8 Editing Velocities 143
- Note-Off Velocity 145
- 10.4.9 MIDI Note Stretch 146
- 10.4.10 Cropping MIDI Clips 147
- 10.4.11 Deactivating Notes 147
- 10.4.12 The Transform Tools 147
- Converting Audio to MIDI 149
- 11.1.1 Resequencing Slices 151
- Using Grooves 155
- 12.1 Groove Pool 156
- 12.1.2 Committing Grooves 158
- 12.2 Editing Grooves 159
- 12.3 Groove Tips 159
- Launching Clips 161
- 13.2 Launch Modes 162
- 13.4 Velocity 163
- 13.5 Legato Mode 164
- 13.6 Follow Actions 164
- 13.6.2 Creating Cycles 167
- 170 Launching Clips 170
- Routing and I/O 171
- 14.1 Monitoring 172
- 14.2 External Audio In/Out 173
- 14.3 External MIDI In/Out 174
- 14.4 ReWire Slave Routing 176
- 14.5 Resampling 178
- 14.6 Internal Routings 179
- Routing Points in Racks 181
- Post-Effects Recording 182
- Recording MIDI as Audio 182
- Creating Submixes 183
- Feeding Sidechain Inputs 188
- Layering Instruments 189
- 19 0 Routing and I/O 190
- Chapter 15 191
- 15.2 Audio and MIDI Tracks 195
- 15.3 Group Tracks 196
- 15.5 Using Live’s Crossfader 199
- 15.6 Soloing and Cueing 202
- 15.7 Track Delays 203
- Recording New Clips 205
- 16.3 Recording 207
- 16.3.4 MIDI Step Recording 210
- 16.4 Recording in Sync 211
- 16.6 Recording with Count-in 213
- 16.7 Setting up File Types 214
- 216 Recording New Clips 216
- Working with Instruments and 217
- 17.1 Using the Live Devices 219
- 17.1.1 Live Device Presets 222
- Saving Presets 223
- Default Presets 224
- 17.2 Using Plug-Ins 226
- Plug-In Configure Mode 229
- 17.3 VST Plug-Ins 231
- 17.4 Audio Units Plug-Ins 234
- Instrument, Drum and Effect 237
- 18.1 An Overview of Racks 238
- 18.2 Creating Racks 239
- 18.3 Looking at Racks 240
- 18.4 Chain List 242
- 18.4.1 Auto Select 243
- 18.5 Zones 244
- 18.5.2 Key Zones 245
- 18.5.3 Velocity Zones 246
- 18.5.4 Chain Select Zones 246
- 18.6 Drum Racks 248
- 18.6.1 Pad View 250
- 18.8 Mixing With Racks 253
- 18.8.1 Extracting Chains 254
- Automation and Editing 257
- Envelopes 257
- 19.3 Deleting Automation 260
- 19.4 Overriding Automation 260
- 19.5.1 Drawing Envelopes 263
- 19.5.2 Editing Breakpoints 263
- 19.5.3 Locking Envelopes 265
- 19.5.4 Edit Menu Commands 265
- Clip Envelopes 267
- 20.2 Audio Clip Envelopes 269
- 20.2.4 Scrambling Beats 271
- 20.3.2 Modulating Pan 274
- Working with Video 279
- 21.2.2 The Video Window 281
- 21.2.3 Clip View 281
- 21.3 Matching Sound to Video 282
- 21.4 Video Trimming Tricks 283
- 286 Working with Video 286
- Live Audio Effect Reference 287
- 22.1.1 Amp Tips 289
- 22.2 Auto Filter 290
- 22.3 Auto Pan 292
- 22.4 Beat Repeat 293
- 22.5 Cabinet 295
- 22.5.1 Cabinet Tips 296
- 22.6 Chorus 297
- 22.7 Compressor 299
- 22.7.1 Sidechain Parameters 303
- 22.7.2 Compression Tips 304
- 22.8 Corpus 305
- 22.9 Dynamic Tube 309
- 22.10 EQ Eight 310
- 22.11 EQ Three 313
- 22.12 Erosion 315
- 22.13 External Audio Effect 316
- 22.14 Filter Delay 317
- 22.15 Flanger 319
- 22.16 Frequency Shifter 320
- Drum tuning 322
- Learning more 322
- 22.17 Gate 323
- 22.18 Glue Compressor 325
- 22.18.1 Sidechain Parameters 327
- 22.19 Grain Delay 328
- 22.20 Limiter 330
- 22.21 Looper 331
- Undo/Redo 333
- Doubleclick 333
- 22.21.1 Feedback Routing 335
- 22.22 Multiband Dynamics 336
- (common) 337
- (uncommon) 337
- 22.22.3 Sidechain Parameters 340
- Basic Multiband Compression 341
- De-essing 341
- 22.23 Overdrive 342
- 22.24 Phaser 343
- 22.25 Ping Pong Delay 345
- 22.26 Redux 346
- 22.27 Resonators 347
- 22.28 Reverb 349
- 22.28.3 Global Settings 350
- 22.28.4 Diffusion Network 350
- 22.29 Saturator 351
- 22.30 Simple Delay 353
- 22.31 Spectrum 354
- 22.32 Utility 356
- 22.33 Vinyl Distortion 357
- 22.34 Vocoder 358
- 22.34.1 Vocoder Tips 361
- Live MIDI Effect Reference 363
- 23.2 Chord 367
- 23.3 Note Length 368
- 23.4 Pitch 369
- 23.5 Random 370
- 23.6 Scale 371
- 23.7 Velocity 372
- Live Instrument Reference 375
- 24.1.2 Oscillators 377
- 24.1.3 Noise Generator 378
- 24.1.4 Filters 379
- 24.1.5 Amplifiers 380
- 24.1.6 Envelopes 381
- 24.1.7 LFOs 383
- 24.1.8 Global Parameters 384
- 24.2 Collision 386
- 24.2.2 Excitator Tab 387
- The Noise Section 388
- 24.2.3 Resonator Tabs 389
- Tuning Section 390
- Physical Properties Section 391
- 24.2.4 LFO Tab 393
- 24.2.5 MIDI Tab 394
- Resonator 1 395
- Resonator 2 395
- 24.3 Electric 397
- 24.3.2 Mallet Section 398
- 24.3.3 Fork Section 399
- 24.3.4 Damper Section 399
- 24.3.5 Pickup Section 400
- 24.3.6 Global Section 400
- 24.4 External Instrument 401
- 24.5 Impulse 403
- 24.5.3 Filter 405
- 24.5.5 Pan and Volume 405
- 24.5.6 Global Controls 405
- 24.6 Operator 406
- 24.6.2 Oscillator Section 408
- User Waveforms 409
- More Oscillator Parameters 409
- Aliasing 410
- 24.6.3 LFO Section 411
- 24.6.4 Envelopes 412
- 24.6.5 Filter Section 414
- 24.6.6 Global Controls 415
- 24.6.7 Glide and Spread 416
- 24.6.9 Finally 417
- Modulation Targets 418
- Pitch Shell and Display 419
- Filter Shell and Display 420
- LFO Shell and Display 421
- Envelope Display 424
- Context Menu Parameters 426
- 24.7 Sampler 427
- 24.7.3 Title Bar Options 428
- 24.7.4 Sampler’s Tabs 429
- 24.7.5 The Zone Tab 430
- The Sample Layer List 431
- Key Zones 434
- Velocity Zones 435
- Sample Select Zones 435
- 24.7.6 The Sample Tab 436
- Sample Playback 437
- Sustain Loop 440
- Release Loop 440
- Sustain Crossfade 441
- Release Crossfade 441
- 24.7.7 The Pitch/Osc Tab 443
- The Pitch Envelope 444
- 24.7.8 The Filter/Global Tab 445
- The Filter 446
- The Volume Envelope 447
- 24.7.9 The Modulation Tab 448
- 24.7.10 The MIDI Tab 451
- 24.8 Simpler 452
- 24.8.1 Sample View 453
- 24.8.2 Sample Controls 453
- 24.8.3 Zoom 454
- 24.8.4 Envelope 454
- 24.8.5 Filter 454
- 24.8.6 LFO 455
- 24.8.7 Glide and Spread 455
- 24.9 Tension 457
- 24.9.2 String Tab 458
- The String Section 460
- The Vibrato Section 461
- The Damper Section 462
- The Termination Section 463
- The Pickup Section 464
- The Body Section 464
- 24.9.3 Filter/Global Tab 465
- 24.9.4 Sound Design Tips 468
- 470 Live Instrument Reference 470
- Max for Live 471
- 25.4 Max Dependencies 475
- 476 Max for Live 476
- MIDI and Key Remote Control 477
- Instant Mappings 479
- 26.1.3 Takeover Mode 481
- 26.2 The Mapping Browser 482
- 26.2.2 Mapping to MIDI Notes 483
- Mapping to Clip View Controls 486
- Using Push 489
- 27.1 Setup 490
- Drum Rack Pads 492
- Loop Length Controls 492
- Step Sequencer Controls 492
- 27.3.2 Step Sequencing 494
- 27.3.3 Real-time Recording 497
- 27.4.1 Recording with Repeat 500
- 27.4.2 Quantizing 501
- 27.5.1 Playing in Other Keys 505
- 27.6 Navigating in Note Mode 506
- 27.8 Mixing with Push 509
- 27.9 Recording Automation 510
- 27.10.1 Session Overview 512
- 27.12 Push Control Reference 516
- Add Section 517
- Note Section 518
- State Control Section 519
- Selection Control Section 519
- Display/Encoder Section 520
- Tempo Section 522
- Edit Section 523
- Transport Section 524
- Touch Strip 525
- Pad Section 526
- Scene/Grid Section 527
- Footswitches 527
- 528 Using Push 528
- Using the APC40 529
- 28.2 Clip Launch Matrix 530
- 28.3 Session Overview 532
- 28.4 Mixer Section 532
- 28.5 Device Control 533
- 28.7 Track Control 536
- 28.8 Tempo Control 536
- 28.9 Crossfader 538
- 28.11 Combination Mode 539
- 540 Using the APC40 540
- Using the APC20 541
- 29.2 Clip Launch Matrix 542
- 29.3 Session Overview 544
- 29.5 Mixer 545
- 29.6 Note Mode 547
- 29.7 Combination Mode 547
- 548 Using the APC20 548
- Using the Launchpad 549
- 30.2 Launchpad’s Four Modes 550
- 30.3 Session Mode 550
- 30.3.1 Launching Clips 551
- 30.3.2 Session Overview 552
- 30.4 User Modes 553
- 30.5 Mixer Mode 555
- 30.5.1 Mixer Overview 556
- 30.5.2 The Volume Page 557
- 30.5.3 The Pan Page 558
- 30.5.4 The Send Pages 559
- 560 Using the Launchpad 560
- Synchronization and ReWire 561
- 31.1.3 MIDI Timecode Options 563
- 31.1.4 Sync Delay 563
- 31.2 Connecting via ReWire 564
- 31.2.3 More on ReWire 565
- Computer Audio Resources and 567
- Strategies 567
- 32.1.3 Track Freeze 569
- 32.2 Managing the Disk Load 571
- Audio Fact Sheet 573
- 33.2.1 Undithered Rendering 574
- 33.2.7 Freeze, Flatten 576
- 33.2.8 Bypassed Effects 577
- 33.2.9 Routing 577
- 33.3 Non-Neutral Operations 578
- 33.3.3 Volume Automation 579
- 33.3.4 Dithering 580
- 33.3.7 Consolidate 580
- 33.3.8 Clip fades 581
- 33.3.9 Panning 581
- 33.3.10 Grooves 581
- 33.5 Summary and Conclusions 582
- MIDI Fact Sheet 583
- 34.2 MIDI Timing Problems 584
- 34.3 Live’s MIDI Solutions 584
- Tests and Results 586
- 34.6 Summary and Conclusions 589
- 590 MIDI Fact Sheet 590
- Live Keyboard Shortcuts 591
- 35.2 Accessing Menus 592
- 35.3 Adjusting Values 592
- 35.4 Browsing 592
- 35.5 Transport 593
- 35.6 Editing 593
- 35.8 Session View Commands 594
- 35.10 Commands for Tracks 595
- MIDI Keyboard 596
- 35.15 Clip View MIDI Editor 598
- 35.17 Global Quantization 599
- 35.20 Using the Context Menu 600
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